2Objective(s): HEALTH tourism is a branch of the tourism industry that is of interest to many countries of the world due to its high demand and good income. Therefore, considering the importance of HEALTH tourism and the existing potential in Mazandaran province, this study was conducted with the aim of identifying and analyzing the factors affecting the development of the HEALTH tourism industry in Mazandaran province. Methods: The present study was conducted using a qualitative method with a content analysis approach. For this purpose, 17 HEALTH tourism industry experts and HEALTH tourists were selected using the purposeful sampling method. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. The interviews were conducted until we reached a point of theoretical data saturation. Results: The findings showed that the HEALTH tourism industry in Mazandaran province is affected by structural, process and contextual factors. The structural factors included issues related to infrastructures, potentials/attractions, institutional factors, and expert human resources for HEALTH tourism destination. The process factor included issues related to drivers of HEALTH tourism, provision of HEALTH SERVICES and destination situational factors. The contextual-field factor included issues related to sociocultural contexts, potentials and attractiveness of tourism, and economic capacity. Conclusion: Despite the importance of SERVICES related to HEALTH tourism and considering the increasing demand of this industry, travelers who travel to Mazandaran province need a variety of SERVICES, and the need to pay attention to quality service development in tourism destinations is evident. Therefore, the provision of other essentials for HEALTH tourists such as infrastructure, destination attractions, financial capacities, sociocultural conditions, human resources, situational factors are  the requirements for the development of this industry.

Introduction: Telemedicine is defined as using telecommunication and information technology for sharing information and medical care from distant places in medical scopes. However, it seems that this technology does not have a strong position in Iran yet. Therefore, the main goal of this research is to identify and analyze barriers to implementation.Methods: This research which is an applied research is in the category of descriptive researches. The population of this research is all doctors throughout Iran which is about 100, 000 doctors. The research has been done in the end of 2013and the beginning of 2014 in Iranian date. The sample has been chosen judgmental and the sample size has been estimated about 384. A Likert scale questionnaire asking for the views of doctors teaching in medical sciences universities and those who work in hospitals throughout Iran was the main research instrument in the study. Validity and reliability of this research has been confirmed by the idea of experts and Chronbach’s alpha respectively (alpha=0.86).Results: Findings of this study showed that all of the indices were key barriers to implementing telemedicine in Iran because their loading factor was more than 0.3. The categories have also been confirmed by the second order factor analysis.Conclusion: As long as these barriers exist, telemedicine can’t be implemented effectively, so future studies should be focused on finding solutions for these barriers.

Introduction: It is essential to identify the key success factors for assessing and understanding the current situation and establish knowledge management and achieve organizational goals. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the key success factors of Knowledge Management Maturity in HEALTH and Medical Organizations. Materials & Methods: This applied study was conducted based on a mixed qualitative-quantitative method. Snowball sampling was used at the qualitative phase. Moreover, the data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire and interview with 12 knowledge management experts in HEALTH organizations in Tehran, Iran. The interview contents were analyzed by qualitative content analysis method. Furthermore, the reliability of the interviews was evaluated using reviewing articles after implementation by experts and the agreement method between the two coders (intra-subject agreement). To analyze the data, close questionnaire was prepared and distributed among 34 experts who were selected by purposive sampling method. They were then requested to prioritize the choices according to the Likert scale. Exploratory factor analysis was used to analyze the data. Findings: The result demonstrated that 15 variables were the effective factors of Knowledge Management Maturity in HEALTH and Medical Organizations. Based on the factor analysis results, the factors influencing the Knowledge Management Maturity included leadership, people, culture, organization, and evaluation. The leadership obtained the maximum rate of load factors among others (0. 889). Discussions & Conclusions: Regarding the Knowledge Management Maturity, social dimension, or soft factors in HEALTH organizations were more important, compared to technical dimension or hard factors. The role of leadership and human resources was more significant since they deal with the HEALTH of the community. Furthermore, their replacement is impossible in the short term. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt a proper procedure for transferring and utilizing the knowledge of individuals in HEALTH care organizations.

2Background: Nowadays, beauty practices have attracted the attention of people following the change in lifestyle and social values. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of examining the opinion of experts regarding the challenges and management solutions of the aforementioned practices in Iran. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted through interviews with 26 policymakers and cosmetic surgery service providers in Tehran from April to September 2022. Sampling was purposeful and snowball. The interviews were semi-structured and thematic analysis was used to analyze the data obtained from the interviews. The inclusion criteria for the interviewees' entry were knowledge and experience in the subject and willingness to participate. Results: Challenges under the four categories of service providers (improper education, non-specialist providers, moral hazards, deficiencies in the way laws are written, and the ineffectiveness of the complaint handling process), service receivers (being influenced by deceptive advertisements, low level of public HEALTH literacy and lack of mental HEALTH), the place of providing SERVICES (performing surgeries in non-standard places and non-integrated information system) and medicines, products and medical equipment (insufficient control over supply, distribution and use and price fluctuations) were categorized. Experts considered the major part of the challenges to be related to the service providers. In the category of service recipients, "being influenced by deceptive advertisements" was the main problem mentioned by the experts. Performing surgeries in non-standard places, including limited surgery centers, non-sterile places, and unauthorized places, is among the unsolved problems regarding the place of providing SERVICES. In relation to medicines, products, and medical equipment, the main problem was insufficient supply, distribution, and use supervision. Conclusion: The main effective measure to solve the challenges is to strengthen the supervision of the HEALTH system administrator with internal and external coordination and cooperation. In this regard, it is recommended to develop educational, ethical, and legal frameworks, regulate regulatory laws, public awareness, clinical interviews and psychological counseling, especially before cosmetic surgery, and the establishment of an integrated electronic HEALTH record system

Ever-changing needs of society to which the HEALTH sector has to respond, makes the HEALTH sector reform inevitable for any country around the world. Based on the experiences gained in different countries, it is now possible to determine the driving force, main objectives and principles of reform in the HEALTH sector.While such activities began around 2001 in Iran, reform in other countries was enjoying almost two decades of experience. Increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of HEALTH SERVICES, equity, sustainable financing and management improvement were the main objectives of HEALTH sector reform in Iran. Despite conducting some very effective studies, success in finding the answer to some crucial questions and creating a common language among those dealing with the HEALTH system, the HEALTH sector reform in Iran could not find the opportunity to put its ideas into practice to achieve all its objectives. This stemmed from very poor (if any at all) political commitment. In conclusion, this article recommends both the government and the parliament to be solemnly committed to following HEALTH system reform through providing facilities and resources to complete the ongoing project and also implementing the newly developed models in multiple pilot sites.

Background and Aim: HEALTH and equal access to quality care regardless of age, gender, race and location is HEALTH systems' goal in all countries. This study aimed to determine inequality in HEALTHcare SERVICES distribution and development level of cities in Guilan province.Materials and Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study assessed the distribution state of 13 HEALTHcare indicators in all cities of Guilan (n=16) in year 2011 and 2013. In order to collect data, the database of Statistical Center of Iran (SCI) was used as reference. The taxonomy technique was employed to determine the degree of development of different cities. In addition, indicators were weighed by Shannon’s entropy. Finally, TOPSIS was used to rank the cities in term of access to HEALTH sector resources.Results: Taxonomy technique in 2 years showed that Rudbar, Rudsar and Lahidjan were of most developed cities and Talesh, Rezvanshahr and Amlash were the most under-developed cities respectively. After weighting indicators and according to Shannon entropy, the number of specialists and paramedics gained the most and the least weight, respectively.Conclusion: Due to the inequality in distribution of HEALTH resources in Guilan province, attention to underdeveloped cities in this province should be a priority. To achieve equitable HEALTH resources in Guilan, it is recommended that the plannings be based on state of development of cities.

Background: The quality of SERVICES is significant factors in evaluating the performance of organizations. The purpose of this research was to examine how emotional intelligence mediated the performance of Tehran's Imam Khomeini Medical personnel. Methods: A questionnaire was employed in this practical cross-sectional investigation. Its constituent parts were ascertained by a review of relevant literature in the form of the first suggested model and verification by professionals in the fields of management and HEALTHcare. The Ale-Omran Hospital service quality indicators, Salovey & Mayer's emotional intelligence emotions, and questionnaires evaluating customer expectations and perceptions were among the study's instruments. In this regard, 360 questionnaires were sent online using random stratified sampling. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and validity were analyzed. Results: At 0. 6, the coefficient of determination, or R2, suggests that the predictor variables account for 60% of the variation in the dependent variable. When it comes to increasing quality-oriented SERVICES, "setting strategic goals" has a greater impact than other predictor factors, according to the F2 value of the effect size of the predictor variables. The association between quality-oriented SERVICES and quality-oriented structure is therefore verified, with emotional intelligence acting as a mediating factor. Conclusion: Hospital organizational structures must take into consideration the elements that are effective in providing high-quality medical SERVICES from the perspective of their patients, given the mediating role that emotional intelligence plays in the relationship between quality-oriented SERVICES and quality-oriented structures.